This comprehensive NAO report provides a full assessment of teacher recruitment and retention challenges across both secondary schools and further education colleges. It highlights ongoing recruitment and retention challenges, including pay disparities and weak workforce planning. The report documents that the government budgeted £700 million in 2024-25 for teacher recruitment and retention initiatives. 46% of secondary schools reported at least one teaching vacancy (compared to 17% in 2010/11) and secondary schools with the highest percentages of disadvantaged pupils had 34% of teaching positions either vacant or temporarily filled in 2023/24.